THE HISTORY OF DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH IN NIGERIA: EVOLUTION, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Abstract

Dental public health in Nigeria has undergone significant evolution, shaped by indigenous practices, colonial influences, and modern developments. Before colonialism, oral health care was rooted in traditional beliefs, utilizing herbal remedies and chewing sticks. The arrival of missionaries and colonial administrators in the early 20th century introduced Western dental practices, initially benefiting only the elite. Modern dentistry was further influenced by missionaries like Dr. Ewart Maclean, while the first Nigerian dentist, Dr. Sydney Phillips, qualified in 1926.

Early dental care lacked formal structure until after independence, when the government began establishing clinics and training personnel. Universities played a pivotal role, not only by training professionals but also advancing community service and research through dental schools. Institutions such as the University of Lagos (1964), University of Ife, now Obafemi Awolowo University (1975), and others significantly contributed to workforce development and public health awareness.

The development of a National Oral Health Policy in 1999 and the launch of various programmes including National Oral Health Week reflect growing government commitment. Integration of oral health into primary health care frameworks has been pursued in line with global health initiatives. International collaborations, notably with WHO and FDI, have bolstered policy and programme development.

Professional bodies such as the Association for Dental Public Health Practitioners in Nigeria have been instrumental in advocacy and capacity-building. Efforts to institutionalize dental public health have been largely successful, leading to the emergence of strong academic and community-focused oral health networks. Despite challenges, the trajectory reflects steady progress towards equitable and preventive dental care in Nigeria.